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James Bond is a fictional character created by writer Ian Fleming in 1953. Bond is a British secret agent working for MI6, based on the real-life Special Operations Executive (SOE). The character first appeared in the novel Casino Royale published in 1953 and subsequent novels over the next twenty years. Fleming was an enthusiast of the amateur codebreaker Alan Turing and mathematical genius John von Neumann; both were later subjects of his novels. In 1979, two decades after Fleming's death, American author Tom Clancy expanded upon this idea and introduced the concept of a virtual reality world where supercomputers allowed agents to practice missions they would perform in the "real" world as part of their training. In the 2006 video game Call of Duty 3, which is set during World War II, there are several references to Operation Overlord(the codename given to D-Day). One is when players receive orders from their superior, "Play it cool, James! You're just a few seconds away from taking part in Operation Overlord. Don't screw it up!"
In the film Casino Royale, Daniel Craig’s Bond says “I owe him [M] one last job” while referring to the man who murdered Vesper Lynd, one of Bond’s love interests in the novel of the same name. This “one last job” turns out to be the mission that results in Bond being shot at close range and almost killed——initiating the time line of the films.
The series has spawned an abundance of media spinoffs including two major motion pictures, a television program, four video games, numerous comic book series, a variety of toys and collectibles, a cocktail, and—in Japan—a manga series. In addition, there have been numerous references made to Bond on American TV shows such as The Simpsons and Family Guy. The most recent installment of the film series will be released in November 2015 with Spectre.
The popularity of the franchise has resulted in it becoming one of the highest-grossing of all time, with adjusted earnings of $486 million worldwide as of May 2015; topping such franchises as Star Wars, Superman, Spider-Man, Tarzan and even Sherlock Holmes.